Abstract: The vector network analyzer (VNA) is a widely-used measurement device in the fields of communication systems and microwave circuits. In this paper, a leaky cable fault detection and location method is proposed that leverages the efficiency and convenience of VNA measurements to accurately detect and locate leaky cable faults without requiring the design of additional testing circuits. Firstly, a leakage cable fault detection model was proposed and the S-parameters analytical expression of the model was derived. Then, the time-domain analytical expressions of the corresponding S-parameters under ideal conditions and VNA measurements were derived, theoretically proving the ability to detect and locate leakage cable faults. Finally, tests are conducted on leaky cables with different fault distances and types, and the results demonstrate high fault detection accuracy and location precision, confirming the feasibility of the proposed method.