基于枝节加载的非平行集合线超短波对数周期天线设计

    Design of Non-parallel Feed Line VHF Log-periodic Antenna Based on Branch Loading

    • 摘要: 为了在对数周期天线增益基本不变的情况下减小天线的长度, 文中提出了一种基于枝节加载的非平行集合线对数周期天线。在传统对数周期天线的基础上, 首先通过调整天线的比例因子和间距因子把天线长度缩减20%, 天线的集合线长度从7.0 m减小为5.6 m; 其次为了弥补天线长度减小带来的增益损失, 将天线的集合线由平行结构变为非平行结构, 使天线的等效口径增加, 能够提升天线的增益; 进一步地, 为了解决非平行集合线结构带来的阻抗失配问题, 文中使用枝节加载法调整天线阻抗特性, 并从电容加载的角度分析了天线阻抗变化的原因。基于以上方法设计的超短波对数周期天线在30 MHz~70 MHz内电压驻波比小于1.6, 增益为8.02 dBi~8.61 dBi。最后基于同样的方法设计并研制了一种工作于较高频段的对数周期天线, 对该天线进行实验测试验证了设计方法的正确性。

       

      Abstract: In order to ensure that the length of the antenna is reduced while the gain of the log-periodic antenna remains essentially unchanged, a non-parallel feed line log-periodic antenna based on branch loading is proposed. Firstly, based on the traditional log-periodic antenna, the antenna length is reduced by 20% by adjusting the scale factor and spacing factor of the antenna, and the length of the antenna′s aggregate line is reduced from 7.0 m to 5.6 m; Secondly, in order to compensate for the gain loss caused by the antenna length reduction, the antenna′s feed line is changed from a parallel structure to a non-parallel structure, which makes the equivalent aperture of the antenna increase and enhances the antenna′s gain; furthermore, in order to solve the impedance mismatch problem brought by a non-parallel feed line structure, the antenna impedance characteristics are adjusted using the branch loading method, and the reasons for the antenna impedance change are analyzed from the perspective of capacitive loading. The ultra-short wave log-periodic antenna designed based on the above method has a voltage standing wave ratio of less than 1.6 and a gain of 8.02 dBi to 8.61 dBi in 30 MHz to 70 MHz. Finally, a log-periodic antenna working in higher frequency has been designed and developed based on the same method, and experimental tests of the antenna have been carried out to verify the correctness of the design method.

       

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