Abstract: By analyzing the atmospheric propagation characteristics of antenna array link signals, the relationship between the time-varying characteristics of tropospheric wet delay and antenna array gain loss is presented, as well as a high-precision evaluation and compensation algorithm for tropospheric wet delay using a water vapor radiometer. Based on the probability statistical results of tropospheric delay time of the NASA deep space station short baseline interferometer system for many years, the time probability distribution of antenna array gain loss for different climate characteristics of NASA deep space stations is calculated. The results show that as the frequency band increases, the loss caused by the same degree of atmospheric delay variation in the troposphere will greatly increase, and a delay standard deviation of a few millimeters will increase the gain loss of the antenna array by tens of dB. Finally, based on the above technologies, the measured results and compensation methods of the tropospheric delay characteristics of NASA deep space stations in the United States for many years are presented, providing comprehensive technical means and effective data support for the design and planning of deep space antenna arrays in China.