新能源汽车电磁辐射的快速预测方法研究

    Research on Rapid Prediction Method for Electromagnetic Radiation of New Energy Vehicles

    • 摘要: 新能源汽车电机等大功率器件工作时会产生电磁辐射,对汽车周围空间的电磁环境具有较大影响。受大区域空间尺度的制约,传统全波数值算法用于多尺度车辆大区域辐射场计算的耗时很长,且计算效率低下。本文将传输线方程理论、矩量法与动态差分进化(DDE)算法有机融合,研究出一种汽车电磁辐射的等效源建模方法,解决了汽车大区域辐射场快速计算的难题。首先,通过传输线方程结合电荷守恒定律,构建电机高压电缆的传导发射模型,再使用高阶FDTD(2,4) 方法求得高压电缆沿线的电流分布。然后,以高压电缆沿线电流为激励源,使用矩量法模拟得到汽车近区辐射场分布。最后,提取汽车近区扫描平面上的磁场信息,将汽车整车通过偶极子阵列进行等效,使用DDE算法进行训练,求得偶极子阵列各单元磁矩幅度和相位的最优解,进而快速预测汽车远区辐射场。对不同频率谐波在距车不同距离处的辐射磁场进行预测,结果表明,预测磁场与真实磁场之间的均方根误差均小于15%,且预测时间仅为秒级。

       

      Abstract: The electromagnetic radiation generated by high-power components such as electric motors in new energy vehicles has a significant impact on the electromagnetic environment in the space around the vehicles. Due to the multi-scale structure of vehicles, traditional full-wave numerical algorithms are time-consuming and inefficient when used to calculate the radiation fields of the vehicles. An equivalent source modeling method for vehicle radiation emission, consisting of transmission line equation theory, method of moments, and dynamic differential evolution (DDE) algorithm, is developed to address the rapid calculation difficulties of large-area radiation fields of the vehicle. First, the transmission line equation and the charge conservation law are integrated to construct the conductive emission model for the high-voltage cable of the motor, and the current responses along the cable are solved by using the high-order FDTD(2, 4) method. Then, the currents along the high-voltage cable are set as excitation sources, and the method of moments is employed to simulate the near radiation field distribution around the vehicle. Finally, the magnetic fields on the scanning plane located at the near region of the vehicle are extracted, and the entire vehicle is represented by a magnetic dipole array. Then the DDE algorithm is applied to train the relationship between the magnitudes and phases of magnetic moments of dipole array and the scanning plane′s magnetic fields to obtain the optimal dipole array, further to predict the far radiation fields of the vehicle rapidly. The results, based on predictions of radiation magnetic fields at various distances and frequency harmonics, show that the root mean square error between the predicted and actual magnetic fields is below 15%, and the prediction time is only in seconds.

       

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