定频波束可调控漏波天线

    Fixed-frequency Beam Steering Leaky Wave Antenna

    • 摘要: 漏波天线因其色散特性,其波束方向会随频率的变化发生改变。该频扫特性在支持频扫系统中可适合应用,但是在窄带系统或者不支持频扫的系统中,该频扫特性较难获得利用。针对窄带系统或不支持频扫系统且需要波束扫描/可调控的需求,本文介绍了定频波束调控漏波天线的三种实现方法:调节基次空间谐波相位常数(对于均匀/准均匀漏波天线)、调控高次辐射空间谐波相位常数(对于周期性漏波天线)以及调节不同空间谐波来辐射。基于这三种方法,我们设计了三种不同结构的定频波束可调天线:基于加载微带短截线的定频波束可调准均匀微带漏波天线,基于PIN二极管调节周期结构来调控高次辐射空间谐波的周期性漏波天线,以及基于不同空间谐波辐射的端射/背射可重构漏波天线。分析和实测结果表明,这些漏波天线在固定工作频率下可实现波束可调,并具有较好的辐射性能。

       

      Abstract: Owing to the dispersive characteristics, the leaky wave antenna can have its beam direction scanned with frequency. This property can be utilized in a frequency scanning system. However, in a narrow-band system or a system that does not support frequency scanning, the frequency scanning capability cannot be effectively utilized. In this paper, three implementation methods for fixed frequency beam reconfigurable leaky wave antennas are introduced: tuning the phase constant of the fundamental space harmonic for uniform/quasi-uniform leaky wave antennas, tuning the phase constant of the radiating higher-order space harmonic for periodic leaky wave antennas, and switching different space harmonics for radiation. Based on the three methods, three fixed-frequency beam-steering antennas with different structures are designed: a fixed-frequency beam steerable quasi-uniform microstrip leaky-wave antenna loaded with microstrip stubs, a periodic leaky wave antenna which regulates the higher-order radiating space harmonic by adjusting the period structure with PIN diodes, and an endfire/backfire reconfigurable leaky wave antenna by switching different spatial harmonics for radiation. Analysis and measurement results demonstrate that these leaky wave antennas can realize beam steering at a fixed operating frequency, and exhibit favorable radiation performance.

       

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