倒直角弯曲PCB迹线耦合分析的时域混合算法

    • 摘要: 针对印刷电路板(Printed Circuit Board,PCB)上倒直角弯曲迹线的电磁耦合问题,将亚网格技术引入时域有限差分法(Finite-Difference Time Domain, FDTD),并结合传输线方程、诺顿定理和状态变量法,提出了一种高效的时域混合算法。首先,将弯曲PCB迹线分解为多段直迹线和倒直角(Right-Angled Chamfer Corners,RACC)结构,对RACC通过电感和电容元件构成的T型电路进行建模,并利用诺顿定理和置换定理建立PCB迹线整体结构的等效电路。然后,通过传输线方程构建各直迹线的电磁耦合模型,并采用FDTD求解获得各迹线沿线的瞬态电压电流响应。最后,运用状态变量法计算RACC等效电路的端口电压,将其作为边界条件反馈给各直迹线段,实现弯曲PCB迹线上干扰信号的双向传播。通过多个弯曲PCB迹线的电磁耦合仿真算例,对比时域混合算法与BLT方程和传统FDTD方法的计算结果,验证了该算法的准确性与高效性。

       

      Abstract: An efficient time domain hybrid method consisting of finite difference time domain (FDTD) method with subgridding technique, transmission line (TL) equations and state variable method is proposed to address the coupling problem of bent printed circuit board (PCB) trace with right-angled chamfer corners (RACCs). Firstly, the entire PCB trace is separated into multiple straight trace segments and RACC structures. And its equivalent circuit is further established using Norton’s theorem and Substitution theorem, with RACCs modeled as T-type circuits comprising inductance and capacitance elements. Then, the coupling models of these trace segments are constructed via the TL equations and solved by the FDTD to obtain the transient responses along these trace segments. Finally, the port voltages of RACC equivalent circuits are calculated using the state variable method, which are applied as boundary conditions and fed back to the trace segments, enabling bidirectional interference propagation along bent PCB trace. Numerous simulation cases are evaluated and compared with that of BLT equation and FDTD to verify the accuracy and efficiency of this method.

       

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