Advances in Energy Selective Electromagnetic Protection: A Comprehensive Review

High-power electromagnetic pulses can instantly damage electronic information systems, posing a serious threat to the security of electromagnetic space. The energy selective electromagnetic protection technology, characterized by "transparency to low-energy waves and protection against high-energy threats", employs an adaptive protection mechanism based on field-induced nonlinear impedance transient control. This approach pioneers a new dimension of protection in the energy domain, complementing traditional methods in the time, frequency, and spatial domains. With the diversification of application scenarios, the design methodology of energy selective surfaces made of nonlinear devices and electromagnetically induced structures has undergone continuous iteration, resulting in a rapid advancement of energy selective electromagnetic protection technology toward ultra-wideband, multifunctional, and integrated capabilities. This paper reviews the latest progress in energy selective electromagnetic protection in recent years and looks forward to its development in the future.